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Giving an LLM access to your database is easy. The problem is that your application-layer RBAC is invisible when the model generates SQL. Here's where it goes wrong and how to fix it at the layer that enforces.
An Idempotency-Key header handles one of five layers where duplicates cause harm. Database writes, queue consumers, external API calls, and saga compensation each have failure modes the HTTP key doesn't cover.
Every tutorial shows you the happy path. Here is the part they skip: the exact schema, concurrent duplicate requests, crashed workers, and the eviction query that doesn't delete the wrong keys.
Every SaaS team has an events table. Most put a B-tree index on it and move on. At tens of millions of rows, that default stops being the right call — here's what to reach for instead.
Async replication means your replica always lags behind your primary. Most teams add replicas without auditing for four bug classes this creates: phantom 404s, stale list data, apparent reverts, and workflow failures.
Partial indexes in Postgres speed up filtered reads and can also cut UPDATE throughput by 40%. Here is the full picture: the selectivity threshold, HOT updates, and covering partial indexes.
A unique constraint stops the check-before-insert race but leaves concurrent in-flight requests undefined. Here is the state machine pattern — with Postgres code — that handles all six failure modes.
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